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Li Fengji
Li Fengji (; 758 – February 27, 835〔http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/kiwi1/luso.sh?lstype=2&dyna=%AD%F0&king=%A4%E5%A9v&reign=%A4%D3%A9M&yy=9&ycanzi=&mm=1&dd=&dcanzi=%A4%D0%A5%D3〕〔''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 17, part 2.〕), courtesy name Xuzhou (虛舟), formally Duke Cheng of Zheng (鄭成公) or Duke Cheng of Liang (涼成公),〔The chronicles of Emperor Jingzong's reign in the ''Old Book of Tang'' mentioned that in 825, Li Fengji's title was changed from Duke of Liang to Duke of Zheng. However, Li Fengji's biographies in the ''Old Book of Tang'' and the ''New Book of Tang'' both only referred to him as the Duke of Liang. Compare ''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 17, part 1 with ''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 167 and ''New Book of Tang'', vol. 174.〕 was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Xianzong, Emperor Xianzong's son Emperor Muzong, and grandson Emperor Jingzong. He was portrayed by traditional accounts as full of machinations against his political opponents.
== Background ==
Li Fengji was born in 758, during the reign of Emperor Suzong.〔''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 167.〕 His family was part of the Li clan of Longxi — which was descended from Li Gao the founder of the Western Liang state during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, as the Tang Dynasty imperial clan was, but considered distant enough from the imperial lineage that he was not considered part of the imperial clan.〔See ''New Book of Tang'', (vol. 70 ) (Fengji's not being listed among the imperial clan chancellors ).〕 After Li Gao, Li Fengji's family traced its ancestry to a line of officials of Jin Dynasty (265-420), Northern Wei, Northern Qi, Sui Dynasty, and Tang, although Li Fengji's grandfather Li Yan (李顏) and father Li Guiqi (李歸期) were both listed without offices.〔()(''New Book of Tang'', vol. 72 )〕〔Li Fengji's biography in the ''Old Book of Tang'' also referred to him as a grandson of Li Xuandao (李玄道), who served as a scholar on the staff of Emperor Taizong. However, the table of the chancellors' family trees in the ''New Book of Tang'' indicated that Li Xuandao was Li Yan's great-grandfather. Compare ''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 167 with ''New Book of Tang'', vol. 72.〕
As Li Yan was chronically ill and Li Fengji tended to him, Li Fengji studied the medical books of the time and became knowledgeable in medicine.〔''New Book of Tang'', vol. 174.〕〔However, the account, as contained in Li Fengji's biography in the ''New Book of Tang'', also referred to Li Yan as his ''father'', while all other accounts indicated that Li Yan was Li Fengji's grandfather.〕 After Li Fengji passed the imperial examinations, the general Fan Xichao (范希朝) invited him to serve as a scribe on his staff when Fan served as the military governor (''Jiedushi'') of Zhenwu Circuit (振武, headquartered in modern Hohhot, Inner Mongolia).〔As Fan Xichao served as the military governor of Zhenwu from 788 to 803, Li Fengji's service under him must have been during that period. See ''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 13.〕 Fan subsequently recommended Li Fengji to then-reigning Emperor Dezong (Emperor Suzong's grandson), and Li Fengji was made a ''Zuo Shiyi'' (左拾遺), a low-level consultant at the examination bureau of government (門下省, ''Menxia Sheng'').〔 He was later promoted to ''Zuo Bujue'' (左補闕), also consultant at the examination bureau, and then made an imperial censor with the title ''Shiyushi'' (侍御史). He later served as the deputy emissary on a mission to Tufan.〔〔Based on timing, this would appear to refer to a mission in 805, at which time Emperor Dezong's son Emperor Shunzong was emperor, but this is not completely clear. See ''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 14.〕
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